代表性人口空间分布数据集的精度评价——以2010年广东省为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林丹淳  谭敏  刘凯  柳林  朱远辉 《热带地理》2020,40(2):346-356

以人口密度差异显著的广东省为研究区,比较Worldpop、GPW v4和2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集的空间分布一致性,并以第六次全国人口普查数据为真值,按人口密度分为高、中、低3组,从误差的数值分布和空间分布两方面定量评价4种数据集的精度,最后讨论估算误差的可能来源及数据适用性。结果表明,4种网格人口数据集中Worldpop整体精度最高,且在人口密集区的精度也是最高;GPW v4在低人口密度和中人口密度区域精度略高于Worldpop,但对镇街内人口分布细节刻画不够详细;2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集精度较前两者低,主要受空间化方法和模型变量的选择所限制。Worldpop适合用于人口密度中等及人口密度高区域的精细化研究,GPW v4适合用于长时序、最小研究单元大于镇街的研究,第一种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适合用于需要考虑镇街内人口分布和空间异质性的研究,第二种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适用于需要考虑人口分布细节和空间格局变化的长时序研究。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐公共交通基础设施对低收入群体就业的影响研究     

张纯  程志华  于晓萍  王亚群  沈忱 《地理科学进展》2020,39(1):111-119

中国西部城市在大规模、快速度和高投资的交通基础设施推进的同时,审视其建设的社会经济效益就显得尤为重要。尤其对于城市低收入群体来说,公共交通基础设施投入是否能对提升就业水平、提升整体生活品质产生积极作用,值得规划者和决策者关注。论文基于乌鲁木齐2014年居民交通出行调查数据,采用带有交叉变量的多元线性回归和多元Logit回归方法,考察快速公交(Bus Rapid Transit, BRT)对于提升低收入群体就业可达性和通勤满意度的影响。分析结果显示：在就业可达性方面,低收入、男性和拥有住房产权者的通勤时间更长,距离BRT车站越近则通勤时间更短,私家车出行的通勤时间更长;在通勤满意度方面,低收入群体的通勤满意度水平更低,距离BRT车站近、选择私家车出行的通勤满意度水平更高。分析也表明,通勤时间短,通勤满意度水平不一定就高。这些研究结果表明,整体上公共交通基础设施建设对于提升就业可达性和满意度有着积极的带动作用,但个体经济社会属性的差异影响也不可忽视。研究乌鲁木齐公共交通基础设施对就业可达性和满意度的影响,有助于帮助西部城市制定提升低收入群体整体就业水平的公共政策,尤其对于促进地方就业稳定和带动区域经济发展有重要意义。  相似文献   

Changes in agricultural virtual water in Central Asia, 1992–2016     

Yan  Ziyan  Tan  Minghong 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(11):1909-1920

Journal of Geographical Sciences - In recent years, flows of many rivers and lakes have become reduced in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. The most typical examples of this phenomenon...  相似文献   

Waveform Characteristics of Earthquakes Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing and Mining Activities: Comparison with Those of Natural Earthquakes     

Li  Nan  Li  Baolin  Chen  Dong  Wang  Enyuan  Tan  Yuyang  Qian  Jiawei  Jia  Haishan 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(6):3653-3674

Natural Resources Research - Some industrial activities, such as underground mining, hydraulic fracturing (HF), can cause microearthquakes and even damaging earthquakes. In recent years, with the...  相似文献   

Leak-off mechanism and pressure prediction for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling     

Qiang Tan  Jingen Deng  Jin Sun  Wei Liu  Baohua Yu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):65-71

Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.  相似文献   

发展GNSS基础设施，满足新的科学需求——美国国家科学基金会（NSF）地球科学十年战略规划解读     

王坦  李瑜 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(4):266-269

  相似文献   

Full moment tensor inversion constrained by double-couple focal mechanism for induced seismicity*          下载免费PDF全文

Yuyang Tan  Haijiang Zhang  Junlun Li  Chen Yin  Furong Wu 《地震科学（英文版）》2020,33(4):177-193

In this study, we propose a new method to determine full moment tensor solution for induced seismicity. This method generalizes the full waveform matching algorithm we have developed to determine the double-couple (DC) focal mechanism based on the neighbourhood algorithm. One major difference between the new method and the former one is that we adopt a new misfit function to constrain the candidate moment tensor solutions with respect to a reference DC solution in addition to other misfit terms characterizing the waveform matching. Through synthetic tests using a real passive seismic survey geometry, the results show the new constraint can help better recover the DC components of inverted moment tensors. We further investigate how errors in the velocity model and source location affect the moment tensor solution. The synthetic test results indicate that the constrained inversion is robust in recovering both the DC and non-DC components. We also test the proposed method on several real induced events in an oil/gas field in Oman using the same observation system as synthetic tests. While it is found that the full moment tensor solutions without using the DC constraints have much larger non-DC components than solutions with the DC constraints, both solutions are able to fit the observed waveforms at similar levels. The synthetic and real test results suggest the proposed DC constrained inversion method can reliably retrieve full moment tensor solutions for the induced seismicity.  相似文献   

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王研  徐腾飞  李淑江  Susanto R. Dwi  Agustiadi Teguh  Trenggono Mukti  谭伟  魏泽勋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):47-57

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.  相似文献   

二次曲面与最小二乘配置的组合模型在GPS高程异常拟合中的应用     

吕建伟  张志华  张新秀  刘祖昱 《测绘通报》2020,(5):127

在工程实践应用中，为了有效利用GPS高程数据，减少对传统水准测量的依赖，提高GPS高程异常的拟合精度便显得十分重要。为此，本文在介绍二次曲面拟合和最小二乘配置拟合基本原理分析、算法过程推导的基础上，提出了一种新的高程异常拟合方法。首先在二次曲面拟合的基础上，计算得到原始观测数据与拟合数据之间的残差序列，然后采用最小二乘配置模型对包括二次曲面拟合模型误差的综合误差进行优化减弱，最后得到新的高程异常。通过实例，将二次曲面拟合法，最小二乘配置法与文中提出的新方法进行比较分析。结果表明：新的组合方法的拟合预测精度要明显优于最小二乘配置及二次曲面拟合。  相似文献   

不同海域沉积物对尿素吸附的实验模拟研究     

薛峤娜  胡博  谭丽菊  王江涛 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):190-199

本文对采自渤海、黄海和东海3个典型海域的沉积物进行了尿素吸附/解吸的实验室模拟研究，用Freundlich吸附模型和Henry吸附模型分析了不同沉积物对尿素吸附的热力学特性，并研究了温度、沉积物粒径、有机质含量等因素对尿素在沉积物表面吸附的影响。结果表明，沉积物对尿素的吸附/解吸过程总体呈现3个阶段:快速吸附阶段（0~5 h）—慢速吸附阶段（5~12 h）—平衡阶段（12 h之后）。当水体中的尿素浓度较低时，沉积物解吸释放尿素，随着上覆水中尿素浓度逐渐增加，沉积物对上覆水中的尿素产生吸附行为，各海区沉积物对尿素的吸附能力由强至弱依次为渤海、东海、黄海，这可能与沉积物的类型有关。Freundlich方程和Henry方程均可模拟沉积物对尿素的吸附，温度、粒径以及沉积物中有机质含量等因素均对尿素在沉积物上的吸附产生影响，随着温度升高，尿素在沉积物上的吸附量变小，沉积物粒径越小，有机质含量越高，吸附尿素的能力越强，因此，揭示尿素在沉积物表面的环境行为时，必须考虑以上因素的影响。  相似文献